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Thursday, June 1, 2023

Reviews of Modern Physics - May 2023

Reviews of Modern Physics

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Volume 95, Issue 2 (partial)

April - June 2023

On the Cover

Positronium, a bound system consisting of an electron and a positron, provides a platform for studying a wide variety of physical effects, ranging from tests of the equivalence principle to diagnostic applications in medicine. This Colloquium gives an overview of the current state of positronium physics, with an equal emphasis on fundamental and applied physics.

From the article

Colloquium: Positronium physics and biomedical applications
Steven D. Bass, Sebastiano Mariazzi, Pawel Moskal, and Ewa Stępień
Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 021002 (2023)

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Colloquium: Room temperature superconductivity: The roles of theory and materials design
Warren E. Pickett
Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 021001 (2023) – Published 7 April 2023

Superconductivity, discovered in 1911 and first theoretically understood in 1957, remains a fascinating phenomenon for reasons both fundamental and applied. Reliably calculating the critical temperature of a given material, and even more so predicting it, turned out to be a considerable challenge. This Colloquium explains how theoretical developments have led to increasingly reliable predictions that have culminated in the discovery of the hydride materials that display superconductivity under high pressure at temperatures just shy of room temperature.

Colloquium: Positronium physics and biomedical applications
Steven D. Bass, Sebastiano Mariazzi, Pawel Moskal, and Ewa Stępień
Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 021002 (2023) – Published 10 May 2023

Positronium, a bound system consisting of an electron and a positron, provides a platform for studying a wide variety of physical effects, ranging from tests of the equivalence principle to diagnostic applications in medicine. This Colloquium gives an overview of the current state of positronium physics, with an equal emphasis on fundamental and applied physics.

Topological phases in polar oxide nanostructures
Javier Junquera, Yousra Nahas, Sergei Prokhorenko, Laurent Bellaiche, Jorge Íñiguez, Darrell G. Schlom, Long-Qing Chen, Sayeef Salahuddin, David A. Muller, Lane W. Martin, and R. Ramesh
Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 025001 (2023) – Published 20 April 2023

Topology provides a framework for an understanding of emergent phenomena in various fields such as the appearance of new results in the field of ferroelectrics. A historical introduction and a primer on the concepts of topology are followed by a discussion of experimental and theoretical methods that elucidate the exotic textures that appear in polar oxide nanostructures and superlattices. The complex interplay of several fundamental processes occurring on different energy scales leads to ground states that compete with one another and have large and/or novel responses with respect to external stimuli.

Toward the discovery of matter creation with neutrinoless ββ decay
Matteo Agostini, Giovanni Benato, Jason A. Detwiler, Javier Menéndez, and Francesco Vissani
Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 025002 (2023) – Published 30 May 2023

Observation of neutrino oscillations implies that neutrinos have mass, but one does not know whether they are described by Dirac or Majorana mass terms. The discovery of a Majorana mass would provide a test of the global symmetries of the standard model, and would have implications for the origin of the number of baryons in the Universe. To achieve this one can search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, a rare nuclear decay where two new electrons are created with no antimatter. The next generation of experiments will explore large Majorana neutrino mass values, also testing alternative theoretical models. In this review, devoted to neutrinoless double-beta decay, the particle and nuclear physics aspects involved in predicting the decay rate and the experimental search methods are discussed.

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