Physical Review Applied - March 2023

Physical Review Applied View Email Online   Volume 19, Issue 3 March 2023   View Issue   Advertisement PRX Life is Open for Submissions! PRX Life, the first multidisciplinary journal covering all aspects of biological organization, is now open for submissions! Take advantage of Gold Open Access for your publication with zero article publication charges until 2024. Submit your research today! Don't forget to sign up to receive alerts and follow the journal on Twitter.     Advertisement APS Prizes and Awards - Nominations Now Open APS is seeking nominations for all APS Honors, recognizing outstanding achievements in physics. Nominate a colleague for APS Fellowship, Prizes, and Awards. They are open to all members of the scientific community. Please consider nominating deserving colleagues. Learn more.     Not an APS member? Join today to start connecting with a community of more than 50,000 physicists.   HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES Featured in Physics Linear Regression and Machine Learning for Nuclear Forensics of Spent Fuel from Six Types of Nuclear Reactors Shengli Chen, Tianxiang Wang, Zhong Zhang, Runfeng Li, Su Yuan, Ruiyi Zhang, Cenxi Yuan, Chunyu Zhang, and Jianyu Zhu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034028 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023 Synopsis:Finding the Source of Illicit Nuclear Material A new set of diagnostic techniques developed from experimental data will improve authorities' ability to determine the provenance of spent fuel.     Featured in Physics Parallel Assembly of Arbitrary Defect-Free Atom Arrays with a Multitweezer Algorithm Weikun Tian, Wen Jun Wee, An Qu, Billy Jun Ming Lim, Prithvi Raj Datla, Vanessa Pei Wen Koh, and Huanqian Loh Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034048 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023 Synopsis:A Better Production Line for Atom Arrays A new algorithm can organize hundreds of atoms into pristine patterns—including a honeycomb lattice, a fractal called a Sierpiński triangle, and a lion's head.     Editors' Suggestion Broadband Spintronic Terahertz Source with Peak Electric Fields Exceeding 1.5 MV/cm R. Rouzegar, A.L. Chekhov, Y. Behovits, B.R. Serrano, M.A. Syskaki, C.H. Lambert, D. Engel, U. Martens, M. Münzenberg, M. Wolf, G. Jakob, M. Kläui, T.S. Seifert, and T. Kampfrath Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034018 (2023) – Published 6 March 2023 Spintronic terahertz emitters (STEs) are desirable broadband terahertz sources, but their limited signal strength has hindered practical application. By optimizing the photonic and thermal environment, the authors present an STE that could overcome this obstacle. Benchmarking against the state-of-the-art terahertz emitters based on optical rectification, this STE delivers strong terahertz pulses with comparable peak electric field and fluence, and offers additional features such as broadband radiation, easy alignment, and rotation of the terahertz polarization plane without power loss. This work will open up a promising pathway to nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy with spintronic sources.     Editors' Suggestion Performance Boost of a Collective Qutrit Refrigerator Dmytro Kolisnyk and Gernot Schaller Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034023 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023 One of the world's tiniest autonomous refrigerators can be realized by a single qutrit coupled to three thermal reservoirs. The authors analyze the performance of multiple collectively coupled qutrits, and observe a quantum boost in the steady-state cooling current with a quadratic scaling in the working fluid size. With additional interqutrit interactions, the quantum boost can be maintained also for larger systems and not perfectly collective scenarios, enabling efficient quantum cooling.     Editors' Suggestion Scalable Quantum Memory Nodes Using Nuclear Spins in Silicon Carbide Shravan Kumar Parthasarathy, Birgit Kallinger, Florian Kaiser, Patrick Berwian, Durga B.R. Dasari, Jochen Friedrich, and Roland Nagy Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034026 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023 A distributed quantum network requires versatile and high-fidelity quantum memory nodes, but it remains challenging to make them scalable. This study investigates the use of multiple controllable quantum memories in silicon carbide—an established semiconductor material platform for various quantum technology applications—and provides a viable solution. The authors show that solid-state spins in silicon carbide are ideal quantum memories in a distributed quantum computing network, wherein a controlled generation of highly coherent qubit registers using nuclear spins is possible. This study will impact the future development of quantum networks with solid states spins as quantum memories.     Editors' Suggestion Time-Dependent Magnetic Flux in Devices for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics Jacob Bryon, D.K. Weiss, Xinyuan You, Sara Sussman, Xanthe Croot, Ziwen Huang, Jens Koch, and Andrew A. Houck Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034031 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023 Time-dependent external flux is ubiquitous across circuit quantum electrodynamics and calls for accurate modeling. Contrary to long-held belief, it is recently predicted—but not yet verified—that the allocation of time-dependent flux cannot be arbitrary in the Hamiltonian. This study provides an experimental verification of this prediction by applying fast flux pulses to a fluxonium qubit and taking measurements of the quantum state following the pulses. Given the widespread use of time-dependent flux in experiments with superconducting qubits, verification of this theory is critical to our understanding of circuit quantum electrodynamics.     Editors' Suggestion Electron-Beam Source with a Superconducting Niobium Tip C.W. Johnson, A.K. Schmid, M. Mankos, R. Röpke, N. Kerker, I.S. Hwang, E.K. Wong, D.F. Ogletree, A.M. Minor, and A. Stibor Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034036 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023 Electron-beam sources are foundational in high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy, but applications have been limited due to their relatively large energy spread. The authors fabricate a monocrystalline niobium nanotip electron field emitter and characterize it in superconducting and normal-conducting regimes. This bright, stable, coherent electron beam source features an exceptionally narrow energy spread. The authors also study the role of xenon adsorption and two-electron correlations. This work may improve aberration-corrected microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy and enable high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy or quantum electron microscopy.     Editors' Suggestion Precision Measurement of the Microwave Dielectric Loss of Sapphire in the Quantum Regime with Parts-per-Billion Sensitivity Alexander P. Read, Benjamin J. Chapman, Chan U Lei, Jacob C. Curtis, Suhas Ganjam, Lev Krayzman, Luigi Frunzio, and Robert J. Schoelkopf Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034064 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023 To better understand decoherence in superconducting qubits, the authors develop a technique to measure the loss tangent of dielectric substrates and predict the impact of dielectric loss on qubit lifetimes. This is done with no need to fabricate planar devices; the technique is independent of material platform. Measurements of sapphire in a demonstration of the approach suggest that coherence of superconducting qubits on a common form of sapphire is limited significantly by bulk dielectric loss. The same technique also shows that another form of sapphire would substantially mitigate this bulk dielectric loss and prolong qubit coherence.     Editors' Suggestion Limits to the Energy-Conversion Efficiency of Air-Bridge Thermophotovoltaics Jihun Lim and Stephen R. Forrest Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034099 (2023) – Published 31 March 2023 As the energy economy becomes increasingly decarbonized, low-cost energy storage grows ever more important. Thermal batteries in combination with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells are one major source of storage. The lowest-loss TPV cells utilize an air bridge (AB) with a gold back reflector. In this work, the authors determine a 55.5% thermodynamic efficiency limit for AB-TPVs at an emitter temperature of 1400 K, based on detailed balance. Including losses from nonradiative recombination, finite resistance, and free-carrier absorption, the practical efficiency limit is 48.6%. This work provides a road map for evaluating and limiting losses, leading to even higher AB-TPV efficiencies.     LETTERS Letter Observing a Phase Transition in a Coherent Ising Machine Hiroki Takesue, Yasuhiro Yamada, Kensuke Inaba, Takuya Ikuta, Yuya Yonezu, Takahiro Inagaki, Toshimori Honjo, Takushi Kazama, Koji Enbutsu, Takeshi Umeki, and Ryoichi Kasahara Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031001 (2023) – Published 1 March 2023 Here researchers investigate how well a coherent Ising machine (CIM), based on a network of degenerate optical parametric oscillators, simulates the thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model. Assuming that the CIM samples can be regarded as a canonical ensemble, the authors estimate the effective temperature of spins (optical pulses) using maximum-likelihood estimation. Using that temperature, the thermodynamic quantities obtained from the CIM exhibit phase-transition-like behavior that matches analytical and numerical results better than what the mean-field approximation produces. This result shows the promise of physical thermodynamics simulators.     Letter Strain-Controlled Phase Matching of Optical Harmonic Generation in Microfibers Zhen Hao, Biqiang Jiang, Yuxin Ma, Ruixuan Yi, Hanyu Jin, Leijia Huang, Xuetao Gan, and Jianlin Zhao Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031002 (2023) – Published 7 March 2023 Nonlinear parametric processes in optical fibers provide opportunities to expand advanced fiber-based technologies of lasers, communications, and sensors, but their efficiencies are significantly degraded by phase mismatching. This study proposes a strategy to accurately control the phase matching of optical harmonic generations in a microfiber, by applying a mechanical strain that modifies its structure and refractive index. This effective strategy to optimize nonlinear processes will be beneficial to all-fiber nonlinear optics and could extend their applications in optical communications and signal processing.     Letter Electrical Detection of Antiferromagnetic Dynamics in Gd-Co Thin Films Using 154-GHz Gyrotron Irradiation S. Funada, Y. Ishikawa, M. Kimata, K. Hayashi, T. Sano, K. Sugi, Y. Fujii, S. Mitsudo, Y. Shiota, T. Ono, and T. Moriyama Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031003 (2023) – Published 16 March 2023 The ultrahigh-frequency magnetization dynamics of antiferromagnets and ferrimagnets is a key property that could be exploited for terahertz technology and spintronics. Despite recent advances in measuring bulk samples, no techniques have been available to characterize such fast dynamics in the thin films that are important for devices. In this Letter the authors use a gyrotron to demonstrate electrical detection of subterahertz magnetization dynamics in thin films, revealing peculiar antiferromagnetic behavior in Gd-Co.     Letter Reporter-Spin-Assisted T1 Relaxometry Zhiran Zhang, Maxime Joos, Dolev Bluvstein, Yuanqi Lyu, and Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031004 (2023) – Published 16 March 2023 The detection of fluctuating electromagnetic fields through single-spin relaxometry affords important insight into the dynamics of solid-state systems and chemical processes, but its sensitivity is often limited by the proximity of the sensor spin to the target. This study proposes the use of an auxiliary reporter spin to improve sensitivity by as much as a factor of 100, and experimentally verifies the method with a single shallow nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. This work motivates the development of engineered spin systems as relaxation sensors without the need for optical initialization or readout.     Letter Single-Photon-Compatible Telecommunications-Band Quantum Memory in a Hot Atomic Gas S.E. Thomas, S. Sagona-Stophel, Z. Schofield, I.A. Walmsley, and P.M. Ledingham Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031005 (2023) – Published 16 March 2023 Tomorrow's quantum Internet will be powered by light and will work over today's telecommunication infrastructure, so we need low-noise, high-bandwidth, telecom-band quantum optical memory to enable scaling in the presence of loss and quantum operations. The authors have built such a device, using coherent two-photon absorption in warm rubidium vapor. This quantum memory stores gigahertz-bandwidth telecom-band light pulses with mean photon number less than one, and retrieves them with a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 104. This makes possible ultrahigh-fidelity storage of single-photon qubits and is compatible with quantum-dot light sources, for hybridized quantum photonic networking.     Letter Understanding the Quality Factor of Mass-Loaded Tensioned Resonators R. Shaniv, S. Kumar Keshava, C. Reetz, and C.A. Regal Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L031006 (2023) – Published 29 March 2023 Mass-loaded tensioned microresonators are important in mass-dependent applications like inertial sensing and fundamental research in e.g. quantum gravity, as they combine superb displacement detection with low mechanical dissipation. However, loading a resonator often changes its mode structure and enhances its mechanical loss. The authors study the effect of loading on mode quality factor, varying the load from much smaller to larger than the resonator's total mass. Surprisingly, the quality factor becomes independent of the mass in the large-load regime, which explains previous related results and provides fresh perspective for design.     ARTICLES Routing Single Photons from a Trapped Ion Using a Photonic Integrated Circuit Uday Saha, James D. Siverns, John Hannegan, Mihika Prabhu, Qudsia Quraishi, Dirk Englund, and Edo Waks Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034001 (2023) – Published 1 March 2023   Stacking Order, Perfect Spin Polarization, and Giant Magnetoresistance in Zigzag Graphene/h-BN Heterobilayer Nanoribbons Bing Luo, Ruiling Gao, Yin Wang, Heng Gao, Junjie Liu, and Wei Ren Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034002 (2023) – Published 1 March 2023   Fast Scanning Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry by Spectrum Demodulation P. Welter, B.A. Jósteinsson, S. Josephy, A. Wittmann, A. Morales, G. Puebla-Hellmann, and C.L. Degen Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034003 (2023) – Published 1 March 2023   Structural-Stability Study of Antiperovskite Na3OCl for Na-Rich Solid Electrolyte Tan-Lien Pham, Woon Ih Choi, Aamir Shafique, Hye Jung Kim, Munbo Shim, Kyoungmin Min, Won-Joon Son, Inkook Jang, Dae Sin Kim, Mauro Boero, Carlo Massobrio, Guido Ori, Hyo Sug Lee, and Young-Han Shin Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034004 (2023) – Published 1 March 2023   Revisiting Neutron Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Imaging and Tomography: Use of Phase Retrieval to Amplify the Effective Degree of Brilliance David M. Paganin, Morten Sales, Peter M. Kadletz, Winfried Kockelmann, Mario A. Beltran, Henning F. Poulsen, and Søren Schmidt Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034005 (2023) – Published 2 March 2023   Low-Field Microwave-Free Magnetometry Using the Dipolar Spin Relaxation of Quartet Spin States in Silicon Carbide Oscar Bulancea-Lindvall, Matthew T. Eiles, Nguyen Tien Son, Igor A. Abrikosov, and Viktor Ivády Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034006 (2023) – Published 2 March 2023   Resolving Power of Visible-To-Near-Infrared Hybrid β−Ta/Nb−Ti−N Kinetic Inductance Detectors Kevin Kouwenhoven, Daniel Fan, Enrico Biancalani, Steven A.H. de Rooij, Tawab Karim, Carlas S. Smith, Vignesh Murugesan, David J. Thoen, Jochem J.A. Baselmans, and Pieter J. de Visser Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034007 (2023) – Published 2 March 2023   Bright and Polarized Fiber In-Line Single-Photon Source Based on Plasmon-Enhanced Emission into Nanofiber Guided Modes K. Muhammed Shafi, Ramachandrarao Yalla, and Kali P. Nayak Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034008 (2023) – Published 2 March 2023   Designing Optimal Linear Detectors: A Bottom-Up Approach Joe Bentley, Hendra Nurdin, Yanbei Chen, Xiang Li, and Haixing Miao Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034009 (2023) – Published 2 March 2023   Wisdom of Crowds in Quantum Machine Learning Tanjung Krisnanda, Kevin Dini, Huawen Xu, Wouter Verstraelen, and Timothy C.H. Liew Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034010 (2023) – Published 3 March 2023   Toward Highly Efficient Multimode Superconducting Quantum Memory Aleksei R. Matanin, Konstantin I. Gerasimov, Eugene S. Moiseev, Nikita S. Smirnov, Anton I. Ivanov, Elizaveta I. Malevannaya, Victor I. Polozov, Eugeny V. Zikiy, Andrey A. Samoilov, Ilya A. Rodionov, and Sergey A. Moiseev Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034011 (2023) – Published 3 March 2023   Crystallinity Control of the Topological-Insulator Surface Bi85Sb15(012) via Interfacial Engineering for Enhanced Spin-Orbit Torque H. Y. Poh, C. C. I. Ang, G. J. Lim, T. L. Jin, S. H. Lee, E. K. Koh, F. Poh, and W. S. Lew Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034012 (2023) – Published 3 March 2023   Tight Bounds and the Role of Optical Loss in Polariton-Mediated Near-Field Heat Transfer Mariano Pascale and Georgia T. Papadakis Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034013 (2023) – Published 3 March 2023   Crystal Structures and Physicochemical Properties of Be2N and Mg2N as Electride Materials Gui Wang, Zhuang Ma, Jing-Wen Jiang, Jing-kai Yang, Yi-Ling Sun, Zheng-Fang Qian, Pu Huang, Peng Zhang, and Su-Huai Wei Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034014 (2023) – Published 3 March 2023   Squeezing Limit of the Josephson Ring Modulator as a Nondegenerate Parametric Amplifier Dong Hwan Kim, Su-Yong Lee, Zaeill Kim, Taek Jeong, and Duk Y. Kim Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034015 (2023) – Published 6 March 2023   Carbothermally Synthesized MoO2 as an Insertion Host for High-Performance Li-ion Capacitors Madhusoodhanan Lathika Divya, Yun-Sung Lee, and Vanchiappan Aravindan Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034016 (2023) – Published 6 March 2023   Optimal Quantum Dataset for Learning a Unitary Transformation Zhan Yu, Xuanqiang Zhao, Benchi Zhao, and Xin Wang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034017 (2023) – Published 6 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Broadband Spintronic Terahertz Source with Peak Electric Fields Exceeding 1.5 MV/cm R. Rouzegar, A.L. Chekhov, Y. Behovits, B.R. Serrano, M.A. Syskaki, C.H. Lambert, D. Engel, U. Martens, M. Münzenberg, M. Wolf, G. Jakob, M. Kläui, T.S. Seifert, and T. Kampfrath Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034018 (2023) – Published 6 March 2023 Spintronic terahertz emitters (STEs) are desirable broadband terahertz sources, but their limited signal strength has hindered practical application. By optimizing the photonic and thermal environment, the authors present an STE that could overcome this obstacle. Benchmarking against the state-of-the-art terahertz emitters based on optical rectification, this STE delivers strong terahertz pulses with comparable peak electric field and fluence, and offers additional features such as broadband radiation, easy alignment, and rotation of the terahertz polarization plane without power loss. This work will open up a promising pathway to nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy with spintronic sources.     Time-Resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry of On-Chip Biphoton Frequency Combs Using Vernier Phase Modulation Karthik V. Myilswamy, Suparna Seshadri, Hsuan-Hao Lu, Mohammed S. Alshaykh, Junqiu Liu, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Andrew M. Weiner, and Joseph M. Lukens Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034019 (2023) – Published 7 March 2023   Interlayer-Exchange-Dominant Spin Hall Nano-Oscillator Rongxin Li, Xiaojuan Yuan, Zhenhua Zhang, Qian Chen, Zhongming Zeng, Zhihong Lu, Ke Wang, Yong Liu, and Rui Xiong Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034020 (2023) – Published 7 March 2023   Superconducting Resonators with Voltage-Controlled Frequency and Nonlinearity William M. Strickland, Bassel Heiba Elfeky, Joseph O'Connell Yuan, William F. Schiela, Peng Yu, Dylan Langone, Maxim G. Vavilov, Vladimir E. Manucharyan, and Javad Shabani Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034021 (2023) – Published 7 March 2023   Neutral Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond via Photoactivated Itinerant Carriers Zi-Huai Zhang, Andrew M. Edmonds, Nicola Palmer, Matthew L. Markham, and Nathalie P. de Leon Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034022 (2023) – Published 7 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Performance Boost of a Collective Qutrit Refrigerator Dmytro Kolisnyk and Gernot Schaller Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034023 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023 One of the world's tiniest autonomous refrigerators can be realized by a single qutrit coupled to three thermal reservoirs. The authors analyze the performance of multiple collectively coupled qutrits, and observe a quantum boost in the steady-state cooling current with a quadratic scaling in the working fluid size. With additional interqutrit interactions, the quantum boost can be maintained also for larger systems and not perfectly collective scenarios, enabling efficient quantum cooling.     Nonlinearity and Parametric Amplification of Superconducting Nanowire Resonators in Magnetic Field M. Khalifa and J. Salfi Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034024 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023   Magnetization Dynamics in Proximity-Coupled Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor Multilayers. II. Thickness Dependence of the Superconducting Torque I.A. Golovchanskiy, N.N. Abramov, O.V. Emelyanova, I.V. Shchetinin, V.V. Ryazanov, A.A. Golubov, and V.S. Stolyarov Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034025 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Scalable Quantum Memory Nodes Using Nuclear Spins in Silicon Carbide Shravan Kumar Parthasarathy, Birgit Kallinger, Florian Kaiser, Patrick Berwian, Durga B.R. Dasari, Jochen Friedrich, and Roland Nagy Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034026 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023 A distributed quantum network requires versatile and high-fidelity quantum memory nodes, but it remains challenging to make them scalable. This study investigates the use of multiple controllable quantum memories in silicon carbide—an established semiconductor material platform for various quantum technology applications—and provides a viable solution. The authors show that solid-state spins in silicon carbide are ideal quantum memories in a distributed quantum computing network, wherein a controlled generation of highly coherent qubit registers using nuclear spins is possible. This study will impact the future development of quantum networks with solid states spins as quantum memories.     Quantum Key Distribution with a Continuous-Wave-Pumped Spontaneous-Parametric-Down-Conversion Heralded Single-Photon Source Xiao-Hai Zhan, Shuang Wang, Zhen-Qiu Zhong, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Wei Chen, De-Yong He, Guang-Can Guo, and Zheng-Fu Han Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034027 (2023) – Published 8 March 2023   Featured in Physics Linear Regression and Machine Learning for Nuclear Forensics of Spent Fuel from Six Types of Nuclear Reactors Shengli Chen, Tianxiang Wang, Zhong Zhang, Runfeng Li, Su Yuan, Ruiyi Zhang, Cenxi Yuan, Chunyu Zhang, and Jianyu Zhu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034028 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023 Synopsis:Finding the Source of Illicit Nuclear Material A new set of diagnostic techniques developed from experimental data will improve authorities' ability to determine the provenance of spent fuel.     Magnetic Tracers for Magnetic Particle Imaging: Insight on the Roles of Frequency-Sustained Hysteresis and Interactions in Quantitative Imaging Gabriele Barrera, Paolo Allia, and Paola Tiberto Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034029 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023   Detecting Weak Physical Signal from Noise: A Machine-Learning Approach with Applications to Magnetic-Anomaly-Guided Navigation Zheng-Meng Zhai, Mohammadamin Moradi, Ling-Wei Kong, and Ying-Cheng Lai Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034030 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Time-Dependent Magnetic Flux in Devices for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics Jacob Bryon, D.K. Weiss, Xinyuan You, Sara Sussman, Xanthe Croot, Ziwen Huang, Jens Koch, and Andrew A. Houck Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034031 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023 Time-dependent external flux is ubiquitous across circuit quantum electrodynamics and calls for accurate modeling. Contrary to long-held belief, it is recently predicted—but not yet verified—that the allocation of time-dependent flux cannot be arbitrary in the Hamiltonian. This study provides an experimental verification of this prediction by applying fast flux pulses to a fluxonium qubit and taking measurements of the quantum state following the pulses. Given the widespread use of time-dependent flux in experiments with superconducting qubits, verification of this theory is critical to our understanding of circuit quantum electrodynamics.     Transverse Particle Trapping Using Finite Bessel Beams Based on Acoustic Metamaterials Xudong Fan, Yifan Zhu, Zihao Su, Ning Li, Xiaolong Huang, Yang Kang, Can Li, Chunsheng Weng, Hui Zhang, Weiwei Kan, and Badreddine Assouar Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034032 (2023) – Published 9 March 2023   Studying Oral Tissue via Real-Time High-Resolution Terahertz Spectroscopic Imaging Shengxin Yang, Liang Ding, Shuai Wang, Chen Du, Longcheng Feng, Hongsong Qiu, Caihong Zhang, Jingbo Wu, Kebin Fan, Biaobing Jin, Jian Chen, and Peiheng Wu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034033 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023   Experimental Characterization of Photoemission from Plasmonic Nanogroove Arrays Christopher M. Pierce, Daniel B. Durham, Fabrizio Riminucci, Scott Dhuey, Ivan Bazarov, Jared Maxson, Andrew M. Minor, and Daniele Filippetto Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034034 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023   Functionalized High-Speed Magnon Polaritons Resulting from Magnonic Antenna Effect Kenta Kato, Tomohiro Yokoyama, and Hajime Ishihara Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034035 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Electron-Beam Source with a Superconducting Niobium Tip C.W. Johnson, A.K. Schmid, M. Mankos, R. Röpke, N. Kerker, I.S. Hwang, E.K. Wong, D.F. Ogletree, A.M. Minor, and A. Stibor Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034036 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023 Electron-beam sources are foundational in high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy, but applications have been limited due to their relatively large energy spread. The authors fabricate a monocrystalline niobium nanotip electron field emitter and characterize it in superconducting and normal-conducting regimes. This bright, stable, coherent electron beam source features an exceptionally narrow energy spread. The authors also study the role of xenon adsorption and two-electron correlations. This work may improve aberration-corrected microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy and enable high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy or quantum electron microscopy.     Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory for Thermal Emission from Multiple Arbitrarily Coupled Resonators Xin Huang, Christopher Yeung, and Aaswath P. Raman Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034037 (2023) – Published 10 March 2023   Self-Testing of any Pure Entangled State with the Minimal Number of Measurements and Optimal Randomness Certification in a One-Sided Device-Independent Scenario Shubhayan Sarkar, Jakub J. Borkała, Chellasamy Jebarathinam, Owidiusz Makuta, Debashis Saha, and Remigiusz Augusiak Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034038 (2023) – Published 13 March 2023   Room-Temperature Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Magnon Torques Guoyi Shi, Fei Wang, Hui Ru Tan, Shishun Zhao, Yakun Liu, Dongsheng Yang, Kyusup Lee, Yuchen Pu, Shuhan Yang, Anjan Soumyanarayanan, and Hyunsoo Yang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034039 (2023) – Published 13 March 2023   Direct Measurement of Electrically Modulated Far-Field Thermal Infrared Emission and its Dynamics Xiu Liu, Hakan Salihoglu, Xiao Luo, Zexiao Wang, Hyeong Seok Yun, Lin Jing, Bowen Yu, and Sheng Shen Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034040 (2023) – Published 13 March 2023   Theoretical Description of Optofluidic Force Induction Marko Šimić, Christian Hill, and Ulrich Hohenester Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034041 (2023) – Published 13 March 2023   Computational Ghost Rotational Doppler Metrology Fei Lin, Ling Hong, Yuan Ren, Xiaodong Qiu, and Lixiang Chen Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034042 (2023) – Published 13 March 2023   Modulation of Spin-Orbit Torque and Large Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in W/Co20Fe60B20/MgO by Ir Insertion Layer Xuming Luo, Xiao Wang, Jinwu Wei, Wenlong Yang, Mingkun Zhao, Yizhan Wang, Yuqiang Wang, Wenqing He, Bin He, Zhongming Zeng, Caihua Wan, Xiufeng Han, and Guoqiang Yu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034043 (2023) – Published 14 March 2023   Practically Enhanced Hyperentanglement Concentration for Polarization-Spatial Hyperentangled Bell States with Linear Optics and Common Single-Photon Detectors Gui-Long Jiang, Wen-Qiang Liu, and Hai-Rui Wei Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034044 (2023) – Published 14 March 2023   Fermi-Level-Dependent Charge-to-Spin Conversion of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the γ-Al2O3/KTaO3 Interface Hui Zhang, Zengtai Zhu, Yungu Zhu, Xiaobing Chen, Qisheng Jiang, Jinwu Wei, Chenbo Zhao, Jine Zhang, Furong Han, Huaiwen Yang, Dapeng Zhu, Hao Wu, Yuansha Chen, Fengxia Hu, Baogen Shen, Weisheng Zhao, Jing Zhang, Guoqiang Yu, and Jirong Sun Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034045 (2023) – Published 14 March 2023   Tunable Single-Mode Output by Optical-Mode Selection Hailang Dai, Hong Yang, Zhuangqi Cao, and Xianfeng Chen Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034046 (2023) – Published 14 March 2023   Performance Enhancement of a Spin-Wave-Based Reservoir Computing System Utilizing Different Physical Conditions Ryosho Nakane, Akira Hirose, and Gouhei Tanaka Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034047 (2023) – Published 14 March 2023   Featured in Physics Parallel Assembly of Arbitrary Defect-Free Atom Arrays with a Multitweezer Algorithm Weikun Tian, Wen Jun Wee, An Qu, Billy Jun Ming Lim, Prithvi Raj Datla, Vanessa Pei Wen Koh, and Huanqian Loh Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034048 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023 Synopsis:A Better Production Line for Atom Arrays A new algorithm can organize hundreds of atoms into pristine patterns—including a honeycomb lattice, a fractal called a Sierpiński triangle, and a lion's head.     Experimental Full-Domain Mapping of Quantum Correlation in Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Scenarios Xin Tong, Zhe He, Yide Zhang, Samuel Solomon, Li Lin, Qiyuan Song, and Lihong V. Wang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034049 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023   Local Predecoder to Reduce the Bandwidth and Latency of Quantum Error Correction Samuel C. Smith, Benjamin J. Brown, and Stephen D. Bartlett Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034050 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023   Photosensitive Field-Effect Transistor with Enhanced Photoamplification Mediated by Charge Transfer in a Heterostructure of α-CsPbI3 Nanocrystals and Two-Dimensional WS2 Shreyasi Das, Arup Ghorai, Sourabh Pal, Somnath Mahato, Soumen Das, and Samit K. Ray Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034051 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023   Lower Bound for the T Count Via Unitary Stabilizer Nullity Jiaqing Jiang and Xin Wang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034052 (2023) – Published 15 March 2023   Signatures of Open and Noisy Quantum Systems in Single-Qubit Quantum Annealing Zachary Morrell, Marc Vuffray, Andrey Y. Lokhov, Andreas Bärtschi, Tameem Albash, and Carleton Coffrin Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034053 (2023) – Published 16 March 2023   Inverse Design of a Hybrid Mie-Tamm Photonic Structure as a Highly Directional Gigahertz Single-Photon Source J.M. Llorens and B. Alén Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034054 (2023) – Published 16 March 2023   Powerful Terahertz Emission from a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Mesa Operating Above 77 K K.J. Kihlstrom, K.C. Reddy, S. Elghazoly, T.E. Sharma, A.E. Koshelev, U. Welp, Y. Hao, R. Divan, M. Tsujimoto, K. Kadowaki, W.-K. Kwok, and T.M. Benseman Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034055 (2023) – Published 17 March 2023   All-Optical Ultrafast Valley Switching in Two-Dimensional Materials Navdeep Rana and Gopal Dixit Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034056 (2023) – Published 17 March 2023   Three-Terminal VO2-Based Device with Internal Read-Write Switching Elihu Anouchi, Tony Yamin, and Amos Sharoni Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034057 (2023) – Published 17 March 2023   Machine-Learning-Derived Entanglement Witnesses Alexander C.B. Greenwood, Larry T.H. Wu, Eric Y. Zhu, Brian T. Kirby, and Li Qian Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034058 (2023) – Published 17 March 2023   Clarification of the Exceptional-Point Contribution to Photonic Sensing Dalton Anderson, Manav Shah, and Linran Fan Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034059 (2023) – Published 17 March 2023   Exclusion and Verification of Remote Nuclear Reactors with a 1-kiloton Gd-Doped Water Detector O.A. Akindele, A. Bernstein, M. Bergevin, S.A. Dazeley, F. Sutanto, A. Mullen, and J. Hecla Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034060 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023   Spin-Dependent Dynamics of Photocarrier Generation in Electrically Detected Nitrogen-Vacancy-Based Quantum Sensing Hiroki Morishita, Naoya Morioka, Testuri Nishikawa, Hajime Yao, Shinobu Onoda, Hiroshi Abe, Takeshi Ohshima, and Norikazu Mizuochi Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034061 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023   Realization of Topological Valley Hall Edge States of Elastic Waves in Phononic Crystals Based on Material Differences Jiachao Xu, Yuanzhen Zheng, Tingfeng Ma, Hui Chen, Bowei Wu, Ji Wang, Shuanghuizhi Li, Iren Kuznetsova, Ilya Nedospasov, Jianke Du, Hao Shi, Dudu Chen, and Fei Sun Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034062 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023   Computational Screening of p-Type Transparent Conducting Oxides Using the Optical Absorption Spectra and Oxygen-Vacancy Formation Energies Yu Kumagai Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034063 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Precision Measurement of the Microwave Dielectric Loss of Sapphire in the Quantum Regime with Parts-per-Billion Sensitivity Alexander P. Read, Benjamin J. Chapman, Chan U Lei, Jacob C. Curtis, Suhas Ganjam, Lev Krayzman, Luigi Frunzio, and Robert J. Schoelkopf Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034064 (2023) – Published 20 March 2023 To better understand decoherence in superconducting qubits, the authors develop a technique to measure the loss tangent of dielectric substrates and predict the impact of dielectric loss on qubit lifetimes. This is done with no need to fabricate planar devices; the technique is independent of material platform. Measurements of sapphire in a demonstration of the approach suggest that coherence of superconducting qubits on a common form of sapphire is limited significantly by bulk dielectric loss. The same technique also shows that another form of sapphire would substantially mitigate this bulk dielectric loss and prolong qubit coherence.     Local-Resonance-Induced Dual-Band Topological Corner States of Flexural Waves in a Perforated Metaplate Lei Fan, Yafeng Chen, Shuowei An, Tuo Liu, Haiyan Fan, Jie Zhu, and Zhongqing Su Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034065 (2023) – Published 21 March 2023   Dual-Species All-Optical Magnetometer Based on a Cs-K Hybrid Vapor Cell Yudong Ding, Wei Xiao, Yixin Zhao, Teng Wu, Xiang Peng, and Hong Guo Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034066 (2023) – Published 21 March 2023   Micrometer-Wide NbN Strips for Photon-Number-Resolving Detection M. Dryazgov, Yu. Korneeva, and A. Korneev Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034067 (2023) – Published 21 March 2023   Robust Quantum Control for the Manipulation of Solid-State Spins Yifan Zhang, Hao Wu, Xiaodong Yang, Tianyu Xie, Ye-Xin Wang, Chang Liu, Qing Zhao, Jiyang Ma, Jun Li, and Bo Zhang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034068 (2023) – Published 21 March 2023   Decoherence-Protected Implementation of Quantum Gates Chunfeng Wu, Chunfang Sun, Jing-Ling Chen, and X.X. Yi Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034069 (2023) – Published 21 March 2023   Injection Locking of Linearlike and Soliton Spin-Wave Modes in Nanoconstriction Spin Hall Nano-oscillators Mona Rajabali, Roman Ovcharov, Roman Khymyn, Himanshu Fulara, Akash Kumar, Artem Litvinenko, Mohammad Zahedinejad, Afshin Houshang, Ahmad A. Awad, and Johan Åkerman Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034070 (2023) – Published 22 March 2023   Fast and Robust Geometric Two-Qubit Gates for Superconducting Qubits and beyond F. Setiawan, Peter Groszkowski, and Aashish A. Clerk Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034071 (2023) – Published 22 March 2023   Accelerating the Heat Diffusion: Fast Thermal Relaxation of a Microcantilever Basile Pottier, Carlos A. Plata, Emmanuel Trizac, David Guéry-Odelin, and Ludovic Bellon Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034072 (2023) – Published 22 March 2023   Direct Measurement of Acoustic Spectral Density and Fractional Topological Charge Hao Ge, Zi-Wei Long, Xiang-Yuan Xu, Jin-Guo Hua, Yang Liu, Bi-Ye Xie, Jian-Hua Jiang, Ming-Hui Lu, and Yan-Feng Chen Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034073 (2023) – Published 22 March 2023   Superresolution MRI with a Structured-Illumination Approach Rui Tian (田锐), Franciszek Hennel, Samuel Bianchi, and Klass P. Pruessmann Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034074 (2023) – Published 23 March 2023   Complete Determination of Thermoelectric and Thermal Properties of Supported Few-Layer Two-Dimensional Materials M. Rahimi, K. Sobnath, F. Mallet, P. Lafarge, C. Barraud, W. Daney de Marcillac, D. Fournier, and M.L. Della Rocca Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034075 (2023) – Published 23 March 2023   Nitrogen-Vacancy Singlet-Manifold Ionization Energy S.A. Wolf, I. Meirzada, G. Haim, and N. Bar-Gill Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034076 (2023) – Published 23 March 2023   Provably Secure Randomness Generation from Switching Probability of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Hong Jie Ng, Shuhan Yang, Zhaoyang Yao, Hyunsoo Yang, and Charles Lim Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034077 (2023) – Published 23 March 2023   Rydberg-Atom-Based Electrometry Using a Self-Heterodyne Frequency-Comb Readout and Preparation Scheme Katelyn Dixon, Kent Nickerson, Donald W. Booth, and James P. Shaffer Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034078 (2023) – Published 23 March 2023   Tailored Topological Edge Waves via Chiral Hierarchical Metamaterials Jacopo M. De Ponti, Luca Iorio, Gregory J. Chaplain, Alberto Corigliano, Richard V. Craster, and Raffaele Ardito Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034079 (2023) – Published 24 March 2023   Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Measurements on the Two-Component Au-Pt Alloys with Ultralow Magnetic Susceptibility Ao Lou, Yuanyang Yu, Butian Zhang, Yi Liu, Quan Fu, Jiankang Zhang, Hua-Hua Fu, Shun Wang, and Ze-Bing Zhou Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034080 (2023) – Published 24 March 2023   Correlating Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Threading Dislocations in GaN-on-Si Heterostructures and p-n Diodes by Multiple Microscopy Techniques Albert Minj, Karen Geens, Hu Liang, Han Han, Céline Noël, Benoit Bakeroot, Kristof Paredis, Ming Zhao, Thomas Hantschel, and Stefaan Decoutere Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034081 (2023) – Published 24 March 2023   Controlling the Coverage of Full Poincaré Beams through Second-Harmonic Generation Subith Kumar, Ravi K. Saripalli, Anirban Ghosh, Wagner T. Buono, Andrew Forbes, and G.K. Samanta Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034082 (2023) – Published 24 March 2023   Measurement of the Kerr Nonlinear Refractive Index and its Variation Among 4H-SiC Wafers Jingwei Li, Ruixuan Wang, Lutong Cai, and Qing Li Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034083 (2023) – Published 24 March 2023   Maximizing Focus Quality Through Random Media with Discrete-Phase-Sampling Lenses Qiyuan Wang, Mathias Fink, and Guancong Ma Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034084 (2023) – Published 27 March 2023   Half-Mirror for Electrons in Quantum Hall Copropagating Edge Channels in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Takase Shimizu, Jun-ichiro Ohe, Akira Endo, Taketomo Nakamura, and Shingo Katsumoto Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034085 (2023) – Published 27 March 2023   Fast Electrons Interacting with Chiral Matter: Mirror-Symmetry Breaking of Quantum Decoherence and Lateral Momentum Transfer A. Ciattoni Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034086 (2023) – Published 27 March 2023   Nonlinear Optical Radiation of a Lithium Niobate Microcavity Yuan-Hao Yang, Xin-Biao Xu, Jia-Qi Wang, Mai Zhang, Ming Li, Zheng-Xu Zhu, Zhu-Bo Wang, Chun-Hua Dong, Wei Fang, Huakang Yu, Guang-Can Guo, and Chang-Ling Zou Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034087 (2023) – Published 27 March 2023   Evolution of Compensated Magnetism and Spin-Torque Switching in Ferrimagnetic Fe1−xTbx Teng Xu, Yang Cheng, Yiqing Dong, Hao Bai, Heng-An Zhou, Xinyu Shu, Pierluigi Gargiani, Manuel Valvidares, Pu Yu, and Wanjun Jiang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034088 (2023) – Published 27 March 2023   Complete Unitary Qutrit Control in Ultracold Atoms Joseph Lindon, Arina Tashchilina, Logan W. Cooke, and Lindsay J. LeBlanc Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034089 (2023) – Published 28 March 2023   Compressive Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging with Deep Learning Shenyu Zhu, Yong Meng Sua, Ting Bu, and Yu-Ping Huang Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034090 (2023) – Published 28 March 2023   Nanobridge SQUIDs as Multilevel Memory Elements Davi A.D. Chaves, Lukas Nulens, Heleen Dausy, Bart Raes, Donghua Yue, Wilson A. Ortiz, Maycon Motta, Margriet J. Van Bael, and Joris Van de Vondel Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034091 (2023) – Published 28 March 2023   Efficient Ultrafast Scintillation of KLuS2:Pr3+ Phosphor: A Candidate for Fast-Timing Applications V. Jarý, L. Havlák, J. Bárta, E. Mihóková, R. Kučerková, M. Buryi, V. Babin, P. Průša, T. Vrba, A. Kotlov, and M. Nikl Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034092 (2023) – Published 28 March 2023   Thermal-Noise Cancellation for Optomechanically Induced Nonreciprocity in a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microresonator Zhi-Xiang Tang and Xun-Wei Xu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034093 (2023) – Published 28 March 2023   Visible-Light-Control of Dielectric Permittivity in Ferroelectrics with Charged Domain Walls Jonathan Ordoñez-Pimentel, José E. García, Paulo S. da Silva, Jr., and Michel Venet Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034094 (2023) – Published 29 March 2023   Demonstration of Error-Suppressed Quantum Annealing Via Boundary Cancellation Humberto Munoz-Bauza, Lorenzo Campos Venuti, and Daniel Lidar Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034095 (2023) – Published 29 March 2023   Device Physics of Vertical Static Induction Transistors Yiyang Luo, Kairong Huang, Xiaoci Liang, Hanjing Ke, Sujuan Hu, Qian Wu, Baiquan Liu, and Chuan Liu Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034096 (2023) – Published 29 March 2023   Feedback Coupling and Early Detection of Thermoacoustic Combustion Instability Yosuke Mori, Sena Kishiya, Takuya Kurosaka, and Hiroshi Gotoda Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034097 (2023) – Published 30 March 2023   Vortex Counting and Velocimetry for Slitted Superconducting Thin Strips V.M. Bevz, M.Yu. Mikhailov, B. Budinská, S. Lamb-Camarena, S.O. Shpilinska, A.V. Chumak, M. Urbánek, M. Arndt, W. Lang, and O.V. Dobrovolskiy Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034098 (2023) – Published 30 March 2023   Editors' Suggestion Limits to the Energy-Conversion Efficiency of Air-Bridge Thermophotovoltaics Jihun Lim and Stephen R. Forrest Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 034099 (2023) – Published 31 March 2023 As the energy economy becomes increasingly decarbonized, low-cost energy storage grows ever more important. Thermal batteries in combination with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells are one major source of storage. The lowest-loss TPV cells utilize an air bridge (AB) with a gold back reflector. In this work, the authors determine a 55.5% thermodynamic efficiency limit for AB-TPVs at an emitter temperature of 1400 K, based on detailed balance. Including losses from nonradiative recombination, finite resistance, and free-carrier absorption, the practical efficiency limit is 48.6%. This work provides a road map for evaluating and limiting losses, leading to even higher AB-TPV efficiencies.     REVIEW ARTICLES Review Article Work Function: Fundamentals, Measurement, Calculation, Engineering, and Applications Lin Lin, Ryan Jacobs, Tianyu Ma, Dongzheng Chen, John Booske, and Dane Morgan Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 037001 (2023) – Published 22 March 2023 The familiar work function Φ (the energy barrier for an electron to move across a material's surface into the vacuum) is central to a vast array of surface and interfacial processes, and thus is fundamental to technologies ranging from vacuum and solid-state electronics to catalysis. Despite this importance, multiple issues associated with the varying vacuum level of electrons near surfaces often obscure how Φ is being defined, measured, and used. This Review clarifies the definition of Φ with extra care, summarizes recent approaches for calculating and predicting Φ, and discusses how tuning bulk electronic structure and surface dipoles can be used to engineer Φ.     Review Article Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion: Progress and Opportunities Rohith Mittapally, Ayan Majumder, Pramod Reddy, and Edgar Meyhofer Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 037002 (2023) – Published 29 March 2023 Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is a promising power-generation technology for converting heat to electricity. Recent studies have explored TPV devices featuring nanoscale gaps, which take advantage of near-field effects that enable much larger radiative fluxes and power density. The authors review the physics of near-field thermal radiation, and assess theoretical and experimental advances in predicting and validating near-field enhancements of power output and efficiency in TPV devices. Their discussion of the near-field photonic heat engines presented here will help to guide future engineering solutions in developing practical near-field energy-conversion devices.       American Physical Society: 1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740 ©2023 American Physical Society | All rights reserved   You are receiving this email because you are subscribed to Table of Content alerts. If you no longer wish to receive these emails, please update your preferences.