Physical Review Applied - December 2023

Physical Review Applied View Email Online   Volume 20, Issue 6 December 2023   View Issue   Advertisement Attend March Meeting 2024 Early bird registration is open for March Meeting 2024 - one of the largest and most exciting conferences in physics! Witness groundbreaking physics research, network with potential employers, and prepare for career success at March Meeting 2024. Register today.     Advertisement Open Access Applied Energy Technology research via PRX Energy Coupling Microkinetics with Continuum Transport Models to Understand Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Flow Reactors Nitish Govindarajan, Tiras Y. Lin, Thomas Roy, Christopher Hahn, and Joel B. Varley PRX Energy 2, 033010 (2023) – Published 21 August 2023   Phase-Field Computational Framework for Addressing Challenges in Solid-State Batteries Tammo K. Schwietert, Pierfrancesco Ombrini, Laura S. Ootes, Leon Oostrum, Victor Azizi, Daniel Cogswell, Juner Zhu, Martin Z. Bazant, Marnix Wagemaker, and Alexandros Vasileiadis PRX Energy 2, 033014 (2023) – Published 12 September 2023   Sign up to receive PRX Energy monthly alerts   Advertisement APS partners with Research4Life The American Physical Society (APS) has partnered with Research4Life to share its journals with researchers from nonprofits in over 115 countries, territories, and refugee camps at no cost. The Society will also cover article publication charges for new submissions from scientists belonging to these eligible groups beginning Jan. 1, 2024. Read more in the APS Newsroom     Not an APS member? Join today to start connecting with a community of more than 50,000 physicists.   HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES Featured in Physics Editors' Suggestion Acoustic cloning Jonas Müller, Theodor S. Becker, Xun Li, Johannes Aichele, Marc Serra-Garcia, Johan O.A. Robertsson, and Dirk-Jan van Manen Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064014 (2023) – Published 8 December 2023 Focus:Creating an Audio "Hallucination" You might hear an echo in the mountains, but can you hear your voice reflecting from the mug on your desk? Probably not: The intensity of that reflected sound is negligible, compared to the other reflections in your office…and what if we put out more mugs? Acoustic cloning, a form of holography, allows us to study acoustic wave propagation and reflection from a physical scatterer, even with modifications to that object. This study presents both theoretical framework and experimental implementation. The method is expected to be widely applicable in all domains of acoustic scattering, such as material characterization, active metamaterials, and virtual-acoustics applications.     Editors' Suggestion Longitudinal coupling between a Si/Si1−xGex double quantum dot and an off-chip TiN resonator J. Corrigan, Benjamin Harpt, Nathan Holman, Rusko Ruskov, Piotr Marciniec, D. Rosenberg, D. Yost, R. Das, William D. Oliver, R. McDermott, Charles Tahan, Mark Friesen, and M.A. Eriksson Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064005 (2023) – Published 4 December 2023 Far-off-resonant couplings are useful in quantum computing because they do not require special tunings of device components, but still await further exploration. The authors use a "flip-chip" coupling geometry to unequivocally demonstrate the presence of a far-off-resonant longitudinal coupling between a quantum-dot charge qubit and a microwave cavity, which can be turned on or off at will. This work provides a powerful and versatile tool for reading out and coupling quantum-dot qubits over large distances.     Editors' Suggestion Superresolution magnetic imaging by a Josephson junction via holographic reconstruction of Ic(H) modulation Razmik A. Hovhannisyan, Taras Golod, and Vladimir M. Krasnov Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064012 (2023) – Published 7 December 2023 Magnetic sensors generally exhibit a trade-off between spatial resolution and field sensitivity: As sensor size decreases, resolution improves but sensitivity deteriorates. This study reveals that the field distribution in a superconducting Josephson junction can be inferred by analyzing the diffractionlike magnetic field modulation of the critical current Ic. Here the spatial resolution is constrained solely by the field range of the Ic(H) pattern and is unrelated to the junction's size. A remarkable feature of this detection method is that high spatial resolution accompanies high field sensitivity.     Editors' Suggestion Charge-carrier photogeneration in single-component organic carbazole-based semiconductors via low excitation power triplet-triplet annihilation Andrei Stankevych, Rishabh Saxena, Jeannine Grüne, Sebastian Lulei, Andreas Sperlich, Stavros Athanasopoulos, Alexander Vakhnin, Prakhar Sahay, Wolfgang Brütting, Vladimir Dyakonov, Heinz Bässler, Anna Köhler, and Andrey Kadashchuk Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064029 (2023) – Published 15 December 2023 This work demonstrates that triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is the predominant mechanism of intrinsic photogeneration of charge-carrier pairs via autoionization, in a single-component disordered organic system with no heavy atoms. The findings challenge established beliefs by revealing efficient carrier generation via TTA upon excitation near the absorption edge. Photocurrent measurements, optical spectroscopy, and spin-sensitive techniques support this model of bimolecular charge generation. Such mechanisms in organic semiconductors are relevant not just for OLEDs, but also for long-persistent luminescence, photovoltaics, and potentially for photocatalytic water splitting.     Editors' Suggestion Ionization clamping in ultrafast optical breakdown of transparent solids Anton Rudenko, Jerome V. Moloney, and Pavel Polynkin Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064035 (2023) – Published 19 December 2023 Internal modifications of transparent solid-state materials by intense, ultrashort laser pulses enable numerous applications in micromachining, photonics, and medicine. Understanding the highly nonlinear propagation of the laser beam through the interaction zone is important in developing these technologies. Here a comprehensive propagation model reveals that even under extremely tight focusing, the key physical quantities are rigidly clamped by plasma shielding, at values up to two orders of magnitude lower than those inferred from earlier studies. Potential routes to overcome the clamping limits are discussed.     Editors' Suggestion Neural sensing and control in a kilometer-scale gravitational-wave observatory N. Mukund, J. Lough, A. Bisht, H. Wittel, S. Nadji, C. Affeldt, F. Bergamin, M. Brinkmann, V. Kringel, H. Lück, M. Weinert, and K. Danzmann Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064041 (2023) – Published 22 December 2023 Aligning suspended optics in gravitational-wave observatories is crucial for detecting astrophysical phenomena⏤and it is also challenging, due to several environmental factors. This research implements neural-network-based sensing and control deployed at the GEO600 detector, utilizing a sensor with a convolutional neural network and long- and short-term memory, plus a deep-reinforcement-learning-based agent for enhanced alignment. The method demonstrates sensitivity improvement over traditional schemes, thus offering a practical approach for AI-based real-time control of gravitational-wave interferometers, to aid the detection of cosmic events like merging compact neutron-star binaries.     Editors' Suggestion Injection mechanisms in a III-nitride light-emitting diode as seen by self-emissive electron microscopy Tanay Tak, Cameron W. Johnson, Wan Ying Ho, Feng Wu, Mylène Sauty, Steve Rebollo, Andreas K. Schmid, Jacques Peretti, Yuh-Renn Wu, Claude Weisbuch, and James S. Speck Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064045 (2023) – Published 26 December 2023 While charge carriers in electronics are fundamental to device operation, little is empirically known about their spatial distribution under standard operating conditions. The authors develop a technique for self-emissive electron microscopy that allows them to image electrons close to their point of generation in operando. Increased electron emission, and thus carrier density, is observed at the ridges of V-shaped defects in a green LED, confirming that the sidewalls of these defects allow lateral carrier injection⏤a necessity for increasing efficiency. Measuring the spatial distribution of carriers with this technique can inform the design of superior devices.     PERSPECTIVES Perspective Magnetically aware actuating composites: Sensing features as inspiration for the next step in advanced magnetic soft robotics Eduardo Sergio Oliveros-Mata, Rui Xu, Lin Guo, and Denys Makarov Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 060501 (2023) – Published 27 December 2023 The integration of magnetic soft actuators and printed magnetic field sensors presents a compelling strategy for advancing soft robotics, with transformative implications for interactivity. This Perspective discusses the synergy between these technologies, which combined will provide mechanically conformal feedback systems to tracking complex dynamics at high speeds and increase environmental compatibility. These insights are meant to guide the field toward a future where multifunctional magnetic composites with printable, transparent, healable, and biocompatible properties operate seamlessly in parallel, reshaping the possibilities of soft robotics.     LETTERS Letter Reduction of the electron-beam divergence of laser wakefield accelerators by integrated plasma lenses Y.-Y. Chang, J. Couperus Cabadağ, A. Debus, A. Ghaith, M. LaBerge, R. Pausch, S. Schöbel, P. Ufer, U. Schramm, and A. Irman Phys. Rev. Applied 20, L061001 (2023) – Published 4 December 2023 Laser-driven plasma accelerators (LPAs) can generate particle beams with high peak current in a short acceleration distance, making them a promising radiation source in compact setups. However, minimizing beam divergence at the exit of an LPA is crucial for effective beam transport, particularly in free-electron lasers (FELs). The authors implement an integrated plasma lens just a centimeter behind the LPA, effectively collimating the electron beam in a straightforward setup. This technique is essential for generating LPA-driven seeded FELs, and has potential for creating specific density profiles for adiabatic focusing, or for the staging of accelerators.     Letter Suppression of high-frequency components in off-resonant modulated driving protocols for Rydberg-blockade gates Yuan Sun Phys. Rev. Applied 20, L061002 (2023) – Published 14 December 2023 In the rapidly developing cold-atom-qubit platform, off-resonant modulated driving (ORMD) allows us to realize good two-qubit entangling gates. To achieve high fidelities with Rydberg-blockade gates under practical conditions, the high-frequency components in a modulation pattern must be dealt with. This study's filtering approach is applicable to constructing entangling gates that work at finite Rydberg-blockade strength, and to overcome the residual thermal motion of qubit atoms. These results are expected to provide an essential upgrade for such gates.     Letter Thermodynamic performance bounds for radiative heat engines Maxime Giteau, Michela F. Picardi, and Georgia T. Papadakis Phys. Rev. Applied 20, L061003 (2023) – Published 20 December 2023 Heat engines capable of delivering both high power output and high efficiency are earnestly sought after, but a fundamental trade-off generally exists between the two metrics. This study highlights the exact nature of this trade-off for engines that exchange heat radiatively with a hot source. The authors also show that this trade-off is less restrictive compared to linear heat engines, especially at high temperatures. This work is particularly relevant for thermophotovoltaics, offering a complete characterization of their performance bounds.     Letter Three-photon Rydberg-atom-based radio-frequency sensing scheme with narrow linewidth Stephanie M. Bohaichuk, Fabian Ripka, Vijin Venu, Florian Christaller, Chang Liu, Matthias Schmidt, Harald Kübler, and James P. Shaffer Phys. Rev. Applied 20, L061004 (2023) – Published 21 December 2023 The self-calibration of rf sensors using Rydberg-atom vapor cells is a major advantage over conventional rf antennas, but has been limited by Doppler broadening. In this study, ultranarrow linewidths comparable to those in ultracold gases are obtained in a room-temperature vapor cell, by overcoming Doppler shifts via a three-photon scheme to reduce the spectral linewidth to less than 200 kHz. This narrow linewidth extends the self-calibrated regime of such sensors by over an order of magnitude, compared to what has been achieved in standard two-photon schemes.     ARTICLES Radiative carrier lifetime in Ge1−xSnx midinfrared emitters Gérard Daligou, Anis Attiaoui, Simone Assali, Patrick Del Vecchio, and Oussama Moutanabbir Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064001 (2023) – Published 1 December 2023   Robust superresolution computational imaging with diffuser-refined illumination Xinliang Zhai, Xiaoyan Wu, Tailong Xiao, Jianhong Shi, and Guihua Zeng Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064002 (2023) – Published 1 December 2023   Holographic surface-acoustic-wave tweezers for functional manipulation of solid or liquid objects Peng-Qi Li, Wei Zhou, Benxian Peng, Chunqiu Zhang, Xue-Feng Zhu, Long Meng, and Hairong Zheng Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064003 (2023) – Published 1 December 2023   Droplets as force gauges on hydrophobic surfaces Juan V. Escobar Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064004 (2023) – Published 4 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Longitudinal coupling between a Si/Si1−xGex double quantum dot and an off-chip TiN resonator J. Corrigan, Benjamin Harpt, Nathan Holman, Rusko Ruskov, Piotr Marciniec, D. Rosenberg, D. Yost, R. Das, William D. Oliver, R. McDermott, Charles Tahan, Mark Friesen, and M.A. Eriksson Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064005 (2023) – Published 4 December 2023 Far-off-resonant couplings are useful in quantum computing because they do not require special tunings of device components, but still await further exploration. The authors use a "flip-chip" coupling geometry to unequivocally demonstrate the presence of a far-off-resonant longitudinal coupling between a quantum-dot charge qubit and a microwave cavity, which can be turned on or off at will. This work provides a powerful and versatile tool for reading out and coupling quantum-dot qubits over large distances.     Quantitative analysis of magnon characteristics with unidirectional magnetoresistance Nyun Jong Lee, Heechan Jang, Eunkang Park, Ki-Seung Lee, Seyeop Jeong, Soogil Lee, Byong-Guk Park, Chun-Yeol You, Kyoung-Whan Kim, and Sanghoon Kim Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064006 (2023) – Published 5 December 2023   Adaptive quantum tomography in an indistinct measurement system with superconducting circuits Hyeok Hwang, JaeKyung Choi, and Eunseong Kim Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064007 (2023) – Published 5 December 2023   Anisotropic resistivity tensor from disk geometry magnetoconductance Oskar Vafek Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064008 (2023) – Published 6 December 2023   Photonic topological states induced by local non-Hermitian modulation Zhihua Deng, Dingshan Gao, Jianji Dong, and Xinliang Zhang Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064009 (2023) – Published 6 December 2023   Photoresponse mediated by exciton-plasmon coupling in two-dimensional hybrid phototransistors Shubhrasish Mukherjee, Didhiti Bhattacharya, Samit Kumar Ray, and Atindra Nath Pal Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064010 (2023) – Published 6 December 2023   Magnetoelectric coupling and cross control in two-dimensional ferromagnets Fan Wang, Ying Zhou, Xiaofan Shen, Shuai Dong, and Junting Zhang Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064011 (2023) – Published 7 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Superresolution magnetic imaging by a Josephson junction via holographic reconstruction of Ic(H) modulation Razmik A. Hovhannisyan, Taras Golod, and Vladimir M. Krasnov Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064012 (2023) – Published 7 December 2023 Magnetic sensors generally exhibit a trade-off between spatial resolution and field sensitivity: As sensor size decreases, resolution improves but sensitivity deteriorates. This study reveals that the field distribution in a superconducting Josephson junction can be inferred by analyzing the diffractionlike magnetic field modulation of the critical current Ic. Here the spatial resolution is constrained solely by the field range of the Ic(H) pattern and is unrelated to the junction's size. A remarkable feature of this detection method is that high spatial resolution accompanies high field sensitivity.     Monolithic polarizing circular dielectric gratings on bulk substrates for improved photon collection from InAs quantum dots Ryan A. DeCrescent, Zixuan Wang, Poolad Imany, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, and Kevin L. Silverman Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064013 (2023) – Published 7 December 2023   Featured in Physics Editors' Suggestion Acoustic cloning Jonas Müller, Theodor S. Becker, Xun Li, Johannes Aichele, Marc Serra-Garcia, Johan O.A. Robertsson, and Dirk-Jan van Manen Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064014 (2023) – Published 8 December 2023 Focus:Creating an Audio "Hallucination" You might hear an echo in the mountains, but can you hear your voice reflecting from the mug on your desk? Probably not: The intensity of that reflected sound is negligible, compared to the other reflections in your office…and what if we put out more mugs? Acoustic cloning, a form of holography, allows us to study acoustic wave propagation and reflection from a physical scatterer, even with modifications to that object. This study presents both theoretical framework and experimental implementation. The method is expected to be widely applicable in all domains of acoustic scattering, such as material characterization, active metamaterials, and virtual-acoustics applications.     High-performance near-field thermophotovoltaics based on a CaCO3/graphene/InSb heterostructure Lin Li, Kun Yu, Dudong Feng, Zhimin Yang, Kaihua Zhang, Yufang Liu, and Xiaohu Wu Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064015 (2023) – Published 8 December 2023   Quantum optimal control without arbitrary waveform generators Qi-Ming Chen, Herschel Rabitz, and Re-Bing Wu Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064016 (2023) – Published 8 December 2023   Large-area photon calorimeter with Ir-Pt bilayer transition-edge sensor for the CUPID experiment V. Singh, M. Beretta, E.V. Hansen, K.J. Vetter, G. Benato, L. Marini, C. Capelli, B.K. Fujikawa, B. Schmidt, C.L. Chang, Yu.G. Kolomensky, B. Welliver, W.K. Kwok, J. Pearson, U. Welp, M. Lisovenko, G. Wang, V. Yefremenko, J. Zhang, and V. Novosad Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064017 (2023) – Published 11 December 2023   Spectral flow of a localized mode in elastic media Marco Miniaci, Florian Allein, and Raj Kumar Pal Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064018 (2023) – Published 11 December 2023   Optomechanical Coupling and Damping of a Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dot N. Hüttner, S. Blien, P. Steger, A.N. Loh, R. Graaf, and A.K. Hüttel Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064019 (2023) – Published 11 December 2023   Multimode Nonlinear Dynamics of Graphene Resonators Ata Keşkekler, Vincent Bos, Alejandro M. Aragón, Peter G. Steeneken, and Farbod Alijani Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064020 (2023) – Published 12 December 2023   Skyrmion automotion and readout in confined counter-sensor device geometries Kilian Leutner, Thomas Brian Winkler, Raphael Gruber, Robert Frömter, Johannes Güttinger, Hans Fangohr, and Mathias Kläui Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064021 (2023) – Published 12 December 2023   Resonance cascading in a ceramic tag for long-range omnidirectional radio-frequency identification communication Dmitry Dobrykh, Alyona Maksimenko, Ildar Yusupov, Dmitry Filonov, Alexey Slobozhanyuk, and Pavel Ginzburg Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064022 (2023) – Published 12 December 2023   Quantitative analysis of polarization behaviors of trion states in monolayer WS2 in a magnetic field Zijing Jin, Baikui Li, Guanghui Cheng, Chengjie Zhou, Hui Li, and Jiannong Wang Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064023 (2023) – Published 13 December 2023   Electron paramagnetic resonance of n-type semiconductors for applications in three-dimensional thermometry Darshan Chalise and David G. Cahill Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064024 (2023) – Published 13 December 2023   Optimal Flight-Gate Assignment on a Digital Quantum Computer Yahui Chai, Lena Funcke, Tobias Hartung, Karl Jansen, Stefan Kühn, Paolo Stornati, and Tobias Stollenwerk Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064025 (2023) – Published 13 December 2023   Broadband acoustic metalaser for continuous sine waves and pulses Xudong Fan, Qi Jin, Haicai Xiao, Yang Kang, Xiaolong Huang, Can Li, Ning Li, and Chunsheng Weng Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064026 (2023) – Published 14 December 2023   Dynamical decoupling for superconducting qubits: A performance survey Nic Ezzell, Bibek Pokharel, Lina Tewala, Gregory Quiroz, and Daniel A. Lidar Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064027 (2023) – Published 14 December 2023   Quantum-enhanced electrometer based on microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms Shuhe Wu, Dong Zhang, Zhengchun Li, Minwei Shi, Peiyu Yang, Jinxian Guo, Wei Du, Guzhi Bao, and Weiping Zhang Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064028 (2023) – Published 15 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Charge-carrier photogeneration in single-component organic carbazole-based semiconductors via low excitation power triplet-triplet annihilation Andrei Stankevych, Rishabh Saxena, Jeannine Grüne, Sebastian Lulei, Andreas Sperlich, Stavros Athanasopoulos, Alexander Vakhnin, Prakhar Sahay, Wolfgang Brütting, Vladimir Dyakonov, Heinz Bässler, Anna Köhler, and Andrey Kadashchuk Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064029 (2023) – Published 15 December 2023 This work demonstrates that triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is the predominant mechanism of intrinsic photogeneration of charge-carrier pairs via autoionization, in a single-component disordered organic system with no heavy atoms. The findings challenge established beliefs by revealing efficient carrier generation via TTA upon excitation near the absorption edge. Photocurrent measurements, optical spectroscopy, and spin-sensitive techniques support this model of bimolecular charge generation. Such mechanisms in organic semiconductors are relevant not just for OLEDs, but also for long-persistent luminescence, photovoltaics, and potentially for photocatalytic water splitting.     Gradient-based optimization of permanent-magnet assemblies for any objective Andrea Roberto Insinga and Rasmus Bjørk Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064030 (2023) – Published 15 December 2023   Imperfect phase randomization and generalized decoy-state quantum key distribution Shlok Nahar, Twesh Upadhyaya, and Norbert Lütkenhaus Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064031 (2023) – Published 18 December 2023   Polarization-entangled quantum frequency comb from a silicon nitride microring resonator Wenjun Wen, Wenhan Yan, Chi Lu, Liangliang Lu, Xiaoyu Wu, Yanqing Lu, Shining Zhu, and Xiao-Song Ma Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064032 (2023) – Published 18 December 2023   Emerging current-voltage plateaus caused by high internal electric potentials in interband cascade photodetectors A. Bader, F. Rothmayr, N. Khan, J. Koeth, A. Pfenning, G. Bastard, S. Höfling, and F. Hartmann Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064033 (2023) – Published 18 December 2023   Excitation of maximal degeneracy and higher-order topology in phononic crystals Hailong He, Zhenhang Pu, Qiyun Ma, Ze Dong, Liping Ye, Manzhu Ke, and Zhengyou Liu Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064034 (2023) – Published 19 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Ionization clamping in ultrafast optical breakdown of transparent solids Anton Rudenko, Jerome V. Moloney, and Pavel Polynkin Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064035 (2023) – Published 19 December 2023 Internal modifications of transparent solid-state materials by intense, ultrashort laser pulses enable numerous applications in micromachining, photonics, and medicine. Understanding the highly nonlinear propagation of the laser beam through the interaction zone is important in developing these technologies. Here a comprehensive propagation model reveals that even under extremely tight focusing, the key physical quantities are rigidly clamped by plasma shielding, at values up to two orders of magnitude lower than those inferred from earlier studies. Potential routes to overcome the clamping limits are discussed.     Topological acoustics with orbital-dependent gauge fields Feng Gao, Yu-Gui Peng, Qi-Li Sun, Xiao Xiang, Chen Zheng, and Xue-Feng Zhu Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064036 (2023) – Published 20 December 2023   Tunable coupler to fully decouple and maximally localize superconducting qubits Lukas Heunisch, Christopher Eichler, and Michael J. Hartmann Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064037 (2023) – Published 20 December 2023   Passive and active neutron signatures of 233U for nondestructive assay Oskar Searfus, Peter Marleau, Eva Uribe, Heather Reedy, and Igor Jovanovic Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064038 (2023) – Published 21 December 2023   Laboratory-based x-ray dark-field microscopy Michela Esposito, Ian Buchanan, Lorenzo Massimi, Joseph D. Ferrara, Paul R. Shearing, Alessandro Olivo, and Marco Endrizzi Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064039 (2023) – Published 21 December 2023   Using Cascade in quantum key distribution Devashish Tupkary and Norbert Lütkenhaus Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064040 (2023) – Published 22 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Neural sensing and control in a kilometer-scale gravitational-wave observatory N. Mukund, J. Lough, A. Bisht, H. Wittel, S. Nadji, C. Affeldt, F. Bergamin, M. Brinkmann, V. Kringel, H. Lück, M. Weinert, and K. Danzmann Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064041 (2023) – Published 22 December 2023 Aligning suspended optics in gravitational-wave observatories is crucial for detecting astrophysical phenomena⏤and it is also challenging, due to several environmental factors. This research implements neural-network-based sensing and control deployed at the GEO600 detector, utilizing a sensor with a convolutional neural network and long- and short-term memory, plus a deep-reinforcement-learning-based agent for enhanced alignment. The method demonstrates sensitivity improvement over traditional schemes, thus offering a practical approach for AI-based real-time control of gravitational-wave interferometers, to aid the detection of cosmic events like merging compact neutron-star binaries.     Large-chiral-number corner modes in Z-class higher-order topolectrical circuits Yi Li, Jia-Hui Zhang, Feng Mei, Biye Xie, Ming-Hui Lu, Jie Ma, Liantuan Xiao, and Suotang Jia Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064042 (2023) – Published 22 December 2023   Hall mobilities and sheet carrier densities in a single LiNbO3 conductive ferroelectric domain wall Henrik Beccard, Elke Beyreuther, Benjamin Kirbus, Samuel D. Seddon, Michael Rüsing, and Lukas M. Eng Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064043 (2023) – Published 26 December 2023   Monolayer WSi2N4: A promising channel material for sub-5-nm-gate homogeneous CMOS devices Ying Li, Chunyu Qi, Xun Zhou, Linqiang Xu, Qiuhui Li, Shiming Liu, Chen Yang, Shiqi Liu, Lin Xu, Jichao Dong, Shibo Fang, Zongmong Yang, Yifan Chen, Xiaotian Sun, and Jing Lu Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064044 (2023) – Published 26 December 2023   Editors' Suggestion Injection mechanisms in a III-nitride light-emitting diode as seen by self-emissive electron microscopy Tanay Tak, Cameron W. Johnson, Wan Ying Ho, Feng Wu, Mylène Sauty, Steve Rebollo, Andreas K. Schmid, Jacques Peretti, Yuh-Renn Wu, Claude Weisbuch, and James S. Speck Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064045 (2023) – Published 26 December 2023 While charge carriers in electronics are fundamental to device operation, little is empirically known about their spatial distribution under standard operating conditions. The authors develop a technique for self-emissive electron microscopy that allows them to image electrons close to their point of generation in operando. Increased electron emission, and thus carrier density, is observed at the ridges of V-shaped defects in a green LED, confirming that the sidewalls of these defects allow lateral carrier injection⏤a necessity for increasing efficiency. Measuring the spatial distribution of carriers with this technique can inform the design of superior devices.     Fundamental Limits on Subwavelength Range Resolution Andrew N. Jordan and John C. Howell Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064046 (2023) – Published 27 December 2023   Unconventional surface responses of fourfold-degenerate Dirac-nodal-line semimetals in sonic crystals Chang-Yin Ji, Jijie Tang, Xiao-Ping Li, Zheng Tang, Di Zhou, Yeliang Wang, Feng Li, Jiafang Li, and Yugui Yao Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064047 (2023) – Published 28 December 2023   Nanodevices from and electronic transport properties of ZrI2 monolayers Juncai Chen, Yongliang Guo, Xiaozheng Fan, Yilian Li, Yi Wu, Chunlan Ma, Shijing Gong, Xiao Dong, Tianxing Wang, Guoliang Xu, and Yipeng An Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064048 (2023) – Published 28 December 2023   Increased light-emission efficiency in disordered (In,Ga)N through the correlated reduction of recombination rates Nick Pant and Emmanouil Kioupakis Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064049 (2023) – Published 29 December 2023   Layer-dependent switching and photodetection in two-dimensional InSe transistors Lin Li, Peize Yuan, Zinan Ma, Mengjie He, Yurong Jiang, Tianxing Wang, Xueping Li, and Congxin Xia Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 064050 (2023) – Published 29 December 2023     American Physical Society: 1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740 ©2024 American Physical Society | All rights reserved   You are receiving this email because you are subscribed to Table of Content alerts. If you no longer wish to receive these emails, please update your preferences.