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Physical Review D - January 2024

Physical Review D

covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
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Volume 109, Issues 1 - 2

January 2024
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Open Access Particles and Fields research via Physical Review Research
Gauge violation spectroscopy of synthetic gauge theories

Hao-Yue Qi and Wei Zheng

Phys. Rev. Research 6, 013047 (2024) – Published 12 January 2024
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Highlights

Editors' Suggestion
Bounds on the equation of state from QCD inequalities and lattice QCD
Yuki Fujimoto and Sanjay Reddy
Phys. Rev. D 109, 014020 (2024) – Published 19 January 2024

The equation of state for nuclear matter is essential to understanding neutron stars. Using strict QCD inequalities and input from numerical simulations on the lattice, the authors derive useful bounds on the baryon and energy densities, which are relevant to isospin symmetric matter at densities probed by heavy ion collisions.

Editors' Suggestion
Probing the photon emissivity of the quark-gluon plasma without an inverse problem in lattice QCD
Marco Cè, Tim Harris, Ardit Krasniqi, Harvey B. Meyer, and Csaba Török
Phys. Rev. D 109, 014507 (2024) – Published 18 January 2024

One of the most important applications of lattice gauge theory is the computation of transport coefficients at nonzero temperature. The authors compute moments of the photon emissivity with respect to the imaginary frequency, and find promising results.

Editors' Suggestion
Lattice QCD study of πΣ−K̅ N scattering and the Λ(1405) resonance
John Bulava, Bárbara Cid-Mora, Andrew D. Hanlon, Ben Hörz, Daniel Mohler, Colin Morningstar, Joseph Moscoso, Amy Nicholson, Fernando Romero-López, Sarah Skinner, and André Walker-Loud (Baryon Scattering (BaSc) Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 109, 014511 (2024) – Published 30 January 2024

The first lattice QCD computation of πΣ-K̅ N scattering amplitudes supports the two-pole nature of the puzzling Λ(1405) resonance.

Editors' Suggestion
Definition of fragmentation functions and the violation of sum rules
John Collins and Ted C. Rogers
Phys. Rev. D 109, 016006 (2024) – Published 5 January 2024

The authors discuss how in QCD, processes which describe how final state hadrons arise from a parton in hard scattering are sensitive to the Wilson line necessary for gauge invariance. This affects some sum rules, notably that for charge conservation.

Editors' Suggestion
GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run
R. Abbott et al. (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 109, 022001 (2024) – Published 5 January 2024

GWTC-2.1 is a catalog of gravitational wave events from compact binary coalescences from the first half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. It improves on GWTC-2, which covered the same period but with less refined analysis methods. GWTC-2.1 identifies 8 new events, all identified as sourced by binary black holes with one exception identified as a neutron star-black hole coalescence. These events expand significantly on the parameters characterizing the sources of observed gravitational-wave transients.

Editors' Suggestion
Effects of mirror birefringence and its fluctuations to laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors
Yuta Michimura, Haoyu Wang, Francisco Salces-Carcoba, Christopher Wipf, Aidan Brooks, Koji Arai, and Rana X. Adhikari
Phys. Rev. D 109, 022009 (2024) – Published 29 January 2024

Crystalline materials in gravitational wave detectors as substrates and mirror coatings could provide many advantages. The authors carry out a theoretical study to quantify how birefringence and its fluctuations can limit the sensitivity of GW detectors and show ways to mitigate these effects through the orientation of the beam polarization and the crystalline material.

Editors' Suggestion
Supernova emission of secretly interacting neutrino fluid: Theoretical foundations
Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Georg G. Raffelt, and Edoardo Vitagliano
Phys. Rev. D 109, 023017 (2024) – Published 11 January 2024

The paper examines theoretically the possibility that neutrinos in supernova cores act as a self-coupled fluid. It follows systematically from first principles the fluid's diffusive transport through the core to the surface, and its expansion into space.

Editors' Suggestion
Supernovalike explosions of massive rotating stars from disks surrounding a black hole
Sho Fujibayashi, Alan Tsz-Lok Lam, Masaru Shibata, and Yuichiro Sekiguchi
Phys. Rev. D 109, 023031 (2024) – Published 31 January 2024

Black-hole forming collapse of massive stars are studied using general relativistic viscous radiation hydrodynamics with axial symmetry. The authors uncover a rich set of phenomena: a supernova-like explosion mechanism driven by viscous and shock heating resulting in the expulsion of a significant fraction of the energy, rapidly spinning black hole formation, and the generation of highly energetic jets and associated gamma-ray bursts.

Editors' Suggestion
Analog vacuum decay from vacuum initial conditions
Alexander C. Jenkins, Jonathan Braden, Hiranya V. Peiris, Andrew Pontzen, Matthew C. Johnson, and Silke Weinfurtner
Phys. Rev. D 109, 023506 (2024) – Published 4 January 2024

The authors study how phase transitions in ultracold atomic gases mimic relativistic vacuum decay, improving on previous analyses by incorporating the effects of quantum fluctuations over and above the classical equations of motion. This is designed to test early Universe physics via tabletop experiments.

Editors' Suggestion
Nonequilibrium Schwinger-Keldysh formalism for density matrix states: Analytic properties and implications in cosmology
Andrei O. Barvinsky and Nikita Kolganov
Phys. Rev. D 109, 025004 (2024) – Published 5 January 2024

Motivated by cosmological Hartle-Hawking and microcanonical density matrix prescriptions for the quantum state of the Universe, the authors develop a Schwinger-Keldysh in-in formalism for generic non-equilibrium systems with an initial density matrix. For generic density matrices of the Gaussian type, they develop the generating functionals of the in-in Green's functions and discuss how "particle interpretation" relates to the density matrix parameters.

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